| Geography | Bahrain |
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Location:
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Middle East, archipelago in the Persian Gulf, east of Saudi Arabia |
Geographic coordinates:
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26 00 N, 50 33 E |
Map references:
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Middle East |
Area:
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total: 665 sq km
land: 665 sq km
water: 0 sq km |
Area - comparative:
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3.5 times the size of Washington, DC |
Land boundaries:
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0 km |
Coastline:
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161 km |
Maritime claims:
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territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
continental shelf: extending to boundaries to be determined |
Climate:
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arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers |
Terrain:
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mostly low desert plain rising gently to low central escarpment |
Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m
highest point: Jabal ad Dukhan 122 m |
Natural resources:
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oil, associated and nonassociated natural gas, fish, pearls |
Land use:
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arable land: 2.82%
permanent crops: 5.63%
other: 91.55% (2005) |
Irrigated land:
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40 sq km (2003) |
Total renewable water resources:
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0.1 cu km (1997) |
Total renewable water resources - per capita:
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138 cubic meters per capita |
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
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Total: 0.3 cu km/yr (40%/3%/57%)
Per capita: 411 cu m/yr (2000) |
Natural hazards:
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periodic droughts; dust storms |
Environment - current issues:
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desertification resulting from the degradation of limited arable land, periods of drought, and dust storms; coastal degradation (damage to coastlines, coral reefs, and sea vegetation) resulting from oil spills and other discharges from large tankers, oil refineries, and distribution stations; lack of freshwater resources (groundwater and seawater are the only sources for all water needs) |
Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
Geography - note:
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close to primary Middle Eastern petroleum sources; strategic location in Persian Gulf, through which much of the Western world's petroleum must transit to reach open ocean |
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