| Geography | Armenia |
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Location:
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Southwestern Asia, east of Turkey |
Geographic coordinates:
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40 00 N, 45 00 E |
Map references:
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Asia |
Area:
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total: 29,743 sq km
land: 28,454 sq km
water: 1,289 sq km |
Area - comparative:
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slightly smaller than Maryland |
Land boundaries:
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total: 1,254 km
border countries: Azerbaijan-proper 566 km, Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave 221 km, Georgia 164 km, Iran 35 km, Turkey 268 km |
Coastline:
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0 km (landlocked) |
Maritime claims:
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none (landlocked) |
Climate:
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highland continental, hot summers, cold winters |
Terrain:
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Armenian Highland with mountains; little forest land; fast flowing rivers; good soil in Aras River valley |
Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Debed River 400 m
highest point: Aragats Lerrnagagat' 4,090 m |
Natural resources:
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small deposits of gold, copper, molybdenum, zinc, bauxite |
Land use:
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arable land: 16.78%
permanent crops: 2.01%
other: 81.21% (2005) |
Irrigated land:
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2,860 sq km (2003) |
Total renewable water resources:
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10.5 cu km (1997) |
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
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Total: 2.95 cu km/yr (30%/4%/66%)
Per capita: 977 cu m/yr (2000) |
Natural hazards:
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occasionally severe earthquakes; droughts |
Environment - current issues:
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soil pollution from toxic chemicals such as DDT; the energy crisis of the 1990s led to deforestation when citizens scavenged for firewood; pollution of Hrazdan (Razdan) and Aras Rivers; the draining of Sevana Lich (Lake Sevan), a result of its use as a source for hydropower, threatens drinking water supplies; restart of Metsamor nuclear power plant in spite of its location in a seismically active zone |
Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants |
Geography - note:
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landlocked in the Lesser Caucasus Mountains; Sevana Lich (Lake Sevan) is the largest lake in this mountain range |
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